Final answer:
Starvation lowers the basal metabolic rate (BMR) due to reduction in body mass. Restrictive low-calorie diets can also lower BMR, making weight loss more challenging. Understanding this relationship helps in designing effective weight management strategies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) refers to the rate at which the body converts food into heat and work while at complete rest. During starvation or prolonged fasting, the BMR decreases due to a reduction in body mass. This is an adaptive mechanism that helps the body conserve energy during times of scarcity.
Restrictive low-calorie weight loss diets can also lower the BMR by up to 20%. Additionally, strict vegetarians may have a BMR that is 11% lower than meat eaters. These changes in metabolic rate make it more difficult to lose weight and can lead to feelings of fatigue and increased sensitivity to cold temperatures.
Overall, the clinical application of understanding the relationship between starvation and BMR can help healthcare professionals design effective weight management strategies and better support individuals undergoing weight loss.