Final answer:
Both the 7-kg bowling ball and the 7-kg cart have the same inertia because inertia is solely dependent on mass, and both have identical masses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of inertia refers to an object's resistance to changes in its state of motion. According to Newton's First Law of Motion, an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion remains in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Inertia is directly related to an object's mass. Therefore, for the scenario where a 7-kg bowling ball is rolled down a lane and a 7-kg cart remains at rest, both the bowling ball and the cart have the same inertia because they have identical masses.