Final answer:
Possible substitutions for a clicker when training a deaf dog include visual markers and vibrating collars.
Step-by-step explanation:
When training a deaf dog, a clicker is commonly used as a positive reinforcement tool. However, if a dog is deaf, alternative substitutions can be used.
One possible substitution is a visual marker, such as a thumbs-up or a flash of light. These visual cues can serve as a replacement for the clicker sound and still provide a clear signal to the dog that it has performed the desired behavior correctly.
Another option is using a vibrating collar. The vibration can be used as a cue to reinforce the correct behavior. The dog can be trained to associate the vibration with a reward, similar to how a clicker is used with sound.