Final answer:
Congress can check bureaucracy by controlling funding and appointments, and rewriting laws. Courts review legality and constitutionality of bureaucratic actions. Interest groups influence through amicus briefs and initiating litigation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The U.S. Constitution provides several checks and balances that allow different branches of government and interest groups to monitor and influence the bureaucracy. Congress has significant oversight through its power to control funding and approve presidential appointments. It uses these powers in routine hearings and can also rewrite laws or even propose constitutional amendments if a law it passed is overturned by the judiciary.
The courts serve as a check on the bureaucracy by reviewing the legality of bureaucratic actions and can declare acts of Congress or executive actions unconstitutional. Judges are also checked internally, as they must justify their decisions within the judicial hierarchy, and externally, since their opinions are subject to public scrutiny.
Interest groups have less direct means of influencing the bureaucracy but are nonetheless influential through lobbying for judicial appointments and filing amicus curiae briefs to present their positions on cases in court. They may also initiate litigation as a means of challenging executive actions or pushing for changes in public policy.