Final answer:
The correct option is B. Under the age of 14 except by a parent or in certain jobs.
Federal law prohibits the employment of minors under the age of 14 except by a parent or in certain jobs, reflecting the intent to balance work and education for youth while protecting them from hazardous occupations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Federal law restricts the employment of minors to protect their well-being and ensure that they receive an education. Historically, child labor was widespread, and it took significant effort and time to pass legislation to protect young workers. The correct answer to the question regarding federal law prohibiting the employment of minors is: B. Under the age of 14 except by a parent or in certain jobs.
This reflects the provisions set by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as well as other regulations that control work hours and conditions for minors, especially in hazardous occupations. Children aged 14-16 are allowed to work, but there are stringent restrictions regarding the hours they can work and the types of jobs they can do to avoid interfering with their schooling.