Final answer:
Calcium phosphate kidney stones are seen in conditions like hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis, and they form from highly concentrated substances in the urine such as calcium and phosphate.
Step-by-step explanation:
Calcium phosphate kidney stones are often associated with conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and renal tubular acidosis. These stones are a type of urinary calculi, and approximately 50% of them are composed of calcium phosphate, denoted as Ca3(PO4)2. Kidney stones form when substances in the urine, like calcium, oxalate, and phosphate, become highly concentrated. Kidney stones can severely affect the urinary tract and may lead to blockages and pain, particularly when stones grow large enough to block a ureter. The normal range of calcium content excreted in the urine is about 0.10 grams of Ca²+ per day, and the standard volume of urine passed is roughly 1.4 liters per day. The formation of stones is influenced by the concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in the urine, as well as the urine's pH.