Final answer:
Electronic prescriptions for controlled substances like opioids must have secure e-signatures, typically requiring two-factor authentication by the prescriber to prevent fraud and misuse.
Step-by-step explanation:
Electronic prescriptions, particularly for controlled substances like opioids, must adhere to strict regulatory requirements to prevent fraud and misuse. In the United States, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) mandates that electronic prescriptions for controlled substances, including opioids, have a secure process for e-signatures. This typically involves the use of two-factor authentication processes that may include something the prescriber knows (a password or a PIN), something the prescriber has (a hard token or a soft token installed on a mobile device), or something biometric (like a fingerprint). The purpose of these requirements is to ensure that the individual prescribing the medication is authorized to do so and that the prescription is accurately reflected in the patient's medical records.