Final answer:
Saliva indicators of gingival inflammation include the presence of bacterial products such as LPS, proteases, and lipoteichoic acids. These are released by bacteria colonizing the gingival space, and the body responds by increasing enzymes like lysozyme and producing fluids with immunoglobulins and phagocytic cells to fight infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Indicators of gingival inflammation in saliva include the presence of bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), proteases, and lipoteichoic acids. These substances are released by pathogenic bacteria that colonize the gingival space, notably Porphyromonas, Streptococcus, and Actinomyces. In addition to bacterial components, saliva also contains enzymes like lysozyme, which is part of the body's innate immune response, and works to combat infection by cleaving bonds in bacterial cell walls. Furthermore, inflammation is characterized by the production of fluids containing immunoglobulins and phagocytic cells in the gingival space, which are part of the immune system's attempt to control the bacterial infection.