Final answer:
Blood tests use tubes that exploit capillary action to collect samples, which are then employed to identify diseases within the blood. Tests range from chemical assays for metabolites to microscopic examination for pathogens, with emerging tech like 'lab-on-a-chip' streamlining the process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The depth and tube used to collect blood for laboratory tests are designed to utilize capillary action, drawing blood into small diameter glass tubes. These tests are crucial to identify diseases related to blood and the blood forming tissues. Common tests include those measuring metabolites like glucose and lipids, which are done by chemical assays. Other tests evaluate the composition and functionality of blood cells themselves through automated methods or microscopic examination, such as with Wright-Giemsa stained blood smears to look for pathogen presence.
Specialists in blood bank technology are not only involved in processing and typing blood for transfusions but also in diagnosing various conditions such as anemia and infections. Emerging technologies are further advancing the field, with innovations like the 'lab-on-a-chip' systems, which allow for rapid and inexpensive testing for numerous diseases using just a single drop of blood.