Final answer:
Permission for treatment based on understanding of risks and unpreventable results is known as informed consent. It is essential in healthcare and research for ensuring participants are aware of risks and can make autonomous decisions. Violations occur if participants aren't fully informed about the study's nature and potential harms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Permission for treatment based on a full understanding of possible risks and unpreventable results is known as informed consent. Informed consent is a fundamental ethical requirement in both healthcare and research. It ensures that individuals are fully aware of the potential risks, benefits, and alternatives of a medical procedure, treatment, or participation in a research study. This process requires that all risks and benefits must be clearly communicated to the patients or study participants, allowing them to exercise their autonomy in making well-informed decisions about their own health care or participation in research.
Violation of informed consent can occur if participants are not adequately informed about the true nature of the study they're participating in, such as being misled about the treatments they will receive, or if not all potential harms or outcomes are disclosed. In clinical and research settings, it's essential to uphold the principle of nonmaleficence, ensuring that any harm to patients or participants is minimized and necessary for effective treatment.