Final answer:
Napoleon's failure in the Russian military campaign of 1812 can be attributed to poorly trained troops, logistic challenges, the scorched earth policy, and resistance through guerrilla tactics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Napoleon's failure in the Russian military campaign of 1812 can be attributed to several reasons:
- Poorly trained troops: Many of the recruits in Napoleon's army were inexperienced and lacked proper military training.
- Logistic challenges: The French troops faced difficulties in getting supplies, and as the winter approached, they struggled to sustain themselves in the harsh Russian climate.
- The scorched earth policy: The Russians adopted a scorched earth policy, burning their own cities and destroying crops to prevent the French from accessing resources.
- Resistance and guerrilla tactics: The Russian army employed guerrilla warfare tactics, ambushing the French troops and attacking weak points in their line, leading to significant casualties.