Final answer:
Breast engorgement and leakage after sudden weaning occur due to the continuation of milk production stimulated by prolactin, which has yet to return to pre-pregnancy levels. Hormones like oxytocin also play a role in the ejection of milk. Gradual weaning is recommended to prevent engorgement.
Step-by-step explanation:
A woman experiencing breast engorgement and leakage after ceasing breastfeeding is going through a common situation. The reason for this is related to the hormonal changes that regulate the production of breastmilk. During pregnancy, mammary glands prepare for milk production under the influence of prolactin and other hormones. With the onset of breastfeeding, prolactin levels are maintained to support lactation. Once breastfeeding is stopped, it takes some time for the prolactin levels to decrease to normal pre-pregnancy levels. If the cessation of breastfeeding is abrupt, residual milk can accumulate in the breasts, causing engorgement and leakage, similar to what happens in the first few weeks postpartum when milk supply is being established.
Milk production involves other hormones such as oxytocin, which facilitates the milk ejection, or let-down reflex. Along with prolactin, these hormones play an essential role in maintaining a milk supply during the lactating period. For a lactating mother, gradual weaning is generally recommended to avoid issues like engorgement and for a smoother transition for both mother and child.