Final answer:
It is true that Islamic empires faced fragmentation and loss of unification due to internal conflicts and the rise of independent dynasties, leading to their political decline.
Step-by-step explanation:
True or False: Islamic empires became too large and lost their unification under Islam. This statement can be considered true to a significant extent. The Islamic empires, after periods of economic and military successes, faced sharp declines due to various factors including infighting, fragmentation, and lack of significant technological and commercial revolutions compared to Western advances during the early modern world. The Shi'ite/Sunni division caused internal strife rather than unity, weakening the Islamic world's political cohesion.
Several events highlighted the fragmentation of Islamic rule, such as the Fatimids and Seljuks conflict, the Fitna of al-Andalus, and the political devolution during the Abbasid Caliphate. These divisions allowed for increased vulnerability and decline in centralized power, exemplified by the crumbling of the caliphate into the taifa kingdoms in Iberian Peninsula and the rise of independent dynasties in North Africa and Asia. Ultimately, sprawling empires like the Umayyads and Abbasids could not maintain political and cultural unity amidst the increasing complexity of administering vast territories.