Final answer:
Characteristics such as high fossil fuel consumption, low population growth rates, and high life expectancy describe developed countries. These nations have undergone demographic transitions that result in such demographic profiles. Developed countries generally have advanced economies with declining birth rates and an aging population.
Step-by-step explanation:
High fossil fuel consumption, low population growth rates, and high life expectancy are all characteristic of developed countries. These countries have gone through what is called the demographic transition, evolving from a state of high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, resulting in a slower population growth and an increased standard of living. Developed nations have an industry structure where a smaller percentage of GDP comes from agriculture, higher degrees of urbanization, and they face demographic changes like an increasing elderly population.
There is a contrast in the age distribution where developed countries have fewer middle-aged individuals and more elderly, while undeveloped countries have a higher proportion of youth. Over time, even low-income countries are expected to experience a growth in the elderly population, which will impact their economies and standards of living. The discussion about bringing developing countries up to developed-country standards involves improving healthcare, education, social services, and economic opportunities, which consequently affect population structures and growth rates.