Final answer:
The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis and the ligament of the head of the femur attaches at the fovea capitis. This configuration is essential for forming the stable hip joint, though the ligament itself provides little support and primarily houses an artery for blood supply to the femur head.
Step-by-step explanation:
The part of the femur that articulates with the pelvis at the acetabulum and attaches to the fovea capitis is the head of the femur. The femur, which is the longest and strongest bone in the body, plays a crucial role in the hip joint's formation. The head of the femur is rounded and fits snugly into the deep socket of the acetabulum, which is deepened further by the acetabular labrum. While the ligament of the head of the femur attaches to the fovea capitis, it is considered slack and doesn't provide significant joint support. However, it is pivotal as it carries an essential artery that nourishes the head of the femur.
Supporting the hip joint further are several ligaments, including the iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and tibiofemoral ligaments, which arise from the margins of the acetabulum and wrap around the head and neck of the femur. These ligaments are particularly important in stabilizing the hip joint, enabling individuals to maintain an upright position with little muscle effort.