Final answer:
The religious movement that holds that everything in the Bible is literally true is referred to as biblical literalism, often linked to Christian fundamentalism. Historical contexts, like the role of Martin Luther and the printing press, have had significant impacts on the interpretation and access to the Bible. Maimonides and modern psychology provide critiques of this approach, highlighting the need for figurative interpretation and the potential for story distortion over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The religious movement based on the belief that everything written in the Bible is literally true is often associated with Christian fundamentalism. This approach to scripture, known as biblical literalism, asserts that the biblical text should be interpreted as literal facts and that every word in the Bible is both accurate and inerrant. The Bible, for adherents, includes books such as the Old and New Testament and details the monotheistic faith based on the teachings of Abraham, Moses, and Jesus Christ. Christians believe Jesus is the son of God and that he died for human salvation. Historical figures like Martin Luther emphasized Scripture Alone (Sola Scriptura), believing that individuals should read and interpret the Bible themselves without reliance on Church authorities. The invention of the printing press facilitated this by making the Bible available in vernacular languages.
Maimonides, a medieval thinker, claimed that biblical literalism obstructs people from getting closer to God and that the Bible should be interpreted figuratively. Moreover, the modern understanding of psychological phenomena acknowledges the tendency of individuals to exaggerate or distort stories over time. Concerns also arise from the historical process in which sacred texts were selected, with certain texts being chosen or excluded based on the decisions of religious leaders. Despite these challenges, the belief in biblical literalism persists in some Christian communities, influencing their religious practices and worldviews.