Final answer:
The standard test used to determine whether blood is of human or animal origin is the ABO blood typing test. It categorizes blood into four types: A, B, AB, and O. The presence of specific antigens indicates human blood, while animals have their own unique antigens.
Step-by-step explanation:
The standard test used to determine whether blood is of human or animal origin is the ABO blood typing test. This test is based on the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The ABO blood typing system categorizes blood into four types: A, B, AB, and O.
In the test, a small amount of the patient's blood sample is mixed with anti-A and anti-B antibodies. If the blood agglutinates (clumps) with anti-A antibody, it indicates the presence of A antigens on the red blood cells. If it agglutinates with anti-B antibody, it indicates the presence of B antigens. The absence of agglutination with both antibodies indicates blood type O.
This test can determine whether blood is of human or animal origin because each species has unique antigens on their red blood cells. Humans typically have ABO antigens, while animals have their own specific antigens.