Final answer:
The civilization formed in Southern Peru around 1200 AD was the Inca Empire, known for its monumental buildings and terraced hillsides agriculture. They built upon cultural advancements of earlier civilizations, establishing an empire across the Andean region.
Step-by-step explanation:
The civilization that was formed in Southern Peru around 1200 AD was the Inca Empire. As the last of the Andean civilizations to establish before the Spanish conquest, the Inca built upon the cultural and technological advancements of previous Andean cultures such as the Moche, Nazca, Wari, and Chimor. Their empire spanned across various regions including Peru, parts of Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile, exhibiting advancements in areas such as agriculture, architecture, and trade—as seen through their impressive constructions like Machu Picchu and the capital city of Cuzco.
The Inca civilization is known for its monumental buildings, extensive road systems, and the unique practice of labor in lieu of monetary taxes. They created a sophisticated economic system based on trade of goods and services, with a strong emphasis on community labor contributing to the well-being of the empire. Despite the challenging environments ranging from mountains to jungles, the Incas were adept at harnessing the land, as they built terraced hillsides for agriculture to sustain their population.