Final answer:
The harmonic series in an organ pipe depends on the speed of sound, temperature, and the pipe's length and type (open or closed). Temperature changes alter the speed of sound, thus affecting the tuning of the instrument.
Step-by-step explanation:
The harmonic series present in an organ pipe depends on several factors, including the speed of sound, the temperature, as well as the physical dimensions and type of the pipe, such as its length and whether it is an open-pipe or closed-pipe resonator. The speed of sound varies with temperature, impacting the resonant frequencies (fundamental and overtones) produced by the organ pipe. Closed-pipe organ pipes produce resonant frequencies at odd multiples of the fundamental frequency (f1, f3, f5...), while open-pipe resonators have resonant frequencies at both even and odd multiples. These resonant frequencies define the notes and timbre that can be produced by the instrument.
Organ pipes, like other wind instruments, may have their length altered, with instruments like the flute using finger holes to change the length of the resonating air column. The trombone achieves this with a sliding bar, which similarly affects the harmonic series it can produce. Temperature correction is crucial for accurate tuning, highlighted by the fact that musicians bring wind instruments to room temperature before playing, ensuring stable and expected pitch production.