Final answer:
The National Party indeed established apartheid in South Africa in 1948, which was a system of racial segregation enforcing white supremacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
True. In 1948, the National Party won the South African elections and implemented apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination. Apartheid enforced a legal framework that favored the white minority, stripping the rights of the Black majority. The policy separated communities, restricted movement, and systematically oppressed non-white populations, leading to widespread social injustice. Apartheid endured until the early 1990s when global pressure, internal resistance, and the efforts of leaders like Nelson Mandela contributed to its dismantling, marking a significant turning point in South Africa's history toward racial equality and the establishment of a democratic, multiracial society.