Final answer:
The Roman Republic was organized under the Constitution of the Roman Republic, a system with democratic elements in legislative assemblies, an aristocratic element in the Senate, and monarchical elements via consuls.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Structure of the Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was structured by a system of rules that combined various forms of governance into a cohesive whole. This system, called the Constitution of the Roman Republic, was not a single written document but a complex mix of guidelines, traditions, and evolved legal precedents. The Constitution orchestrated a balance between democratic, aristocratic, and monarchical elements within the government. The democratic aspect was embodied in the legislative assemblies, such as the Centuriate Assembly and the Plebeian Assembly, where citizens had the right to vote.
The aristocratic element was represented by the Senate, a powerful body of aristocratic administrators overseeing state finances, advising consuls, and ultimately shaping Roman policy. The monarchical aspect referred to the annually elected consuls, who held sweeping powers, or imperium, to enforce laws and command the army, yet were held in check through term limits and mutual oversight. Below the consuls were magistrates and the Senate, with societal divisions between the patricians and plebeians influencing the political landscape, known as the Struggle of the Orders.
Throughout the period of the Republic, which lasted approximately 500 years, Roman society operated under the respect for the mos maiorum or 'way of the ancestors,' which greatly influenced the development of written laws and political customs. This conservative approach helped shape the Republic's structure, including the creation of the Twelve Tables, which codified the laws and made them public, reducing the possibility of legal corruption favoring the patrician class.