Final answer:
The socialization window for puppies typically closes at around 14 to 16 weeks of age. After this time, it is harder to establish bonding with people and other dogs. Early positive interactions during this period are crucial for proper social development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The socialization window for puppies typically closes around 14 to 16 weeks of age. After this period, also known as the critical period of socialization, it becomes much more challenging to establish bonding with people and to socialize the puppy with other dogs and environments. Puppies that lack socialization may demonstrate fear or aggression towards other dogs because they haven't developed the normal behaviors that come from interacting with their species during the crucial early stages of their life. Early social contact is crucial for puppies, similar to other species, as demonstrated by research, such as the Harlow experiments with rhesus monkeys. A puppy's experiences with people, other animals, and various environments during the socialization period largely shape its behavior as an adult. Service dogs, for example, undergo rigorous socialization and training from a young age to prepare them for their future roles, which highlights the importance of socialization. Therefore, it is essential for anyone raising a puppy to expose it to positive interactions and experiences within the first few months of life to ensure proper social development.