Final answer:
Teaching a dog to go to the mat instead of barking at the doorbell is an example of operant conditioning, a learning process that involves associating behaviors with their consequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Teaching a dog to go to the mat instead of barking at the doorbell is an example of conditioning, specifically operant conditioning. Unlike habituation, where an animal stops responding to a stimulus after repeated exposure without any punishment or rewards, conditioning involves a form of learning that associates a behavior with a consequence. For example, if a dog is taught to go to a mat when the doorbell rings by receiving a treat, it learns to associate the action of going to the mat with a positive reward. In contrast, if a dog stops going to the sofa to avoid being scolded, it has learned to associate getting off the sofa with the avoidance of a negative consequence, another form of conditioning.