Final answer:
During the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Pueblos managed to outnumber and expel the Spanish, who suffered substantial losses.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the historical context of the Spanish-Pueblo conflicts, particularly during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, the Pueblos temporarily outnumbered the Spanish in the region. They were able to expel the Spanish settlers, who numbered around two thousand and had lost more than four hundred to the revolt. Droughts and attacks from rival tribes weakened the Pueblos, and this allowed the Spanish to return and reassert control in 1692.
The Pueblos, consisting of groups like the Mogollon, Hohokam, and Anasazi, are recognized for their unique culture and living in multi-story stone-and-mud buildings. Despite their courageous revolt, the Pueblos' autonomy was short-lived due to continued external pressures and colonial dynamics. Nevertheless, they managed to preserve much of their way of life and culture infusing it with some elements of Spanish influence after Spain regained control.
Overall, the Pueblos were a group among other indigenous populations that suffered devastating losses from Spanish colonialism. Before the Europeans arrived, there were an estimated 15 to 25 million indigenous people in Middle America, but this number drastically reduced to about 2.5 million after a century of colonial rule. This stark decline illustrates the broader power dynamics and demographic impact that European conquest had on indigenous peoples of the Americas.