Final answer:
The Little Albert Experiment occurred in 1920 and was conducted by John B. Watson and his graduate student, which showcased the concept of classical conditioning through creating a conditioned fear response in a baby known as Little Albert.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Little Albert Experiment took place in the year 1920. Conducted by John B. Watson and his graduate student Rosalie Rayner at Johns Hopkins University, the experiment demonstrated the principles of classical conditioning. In this experiment, Little Albert initially showed no fear towards a white rat and other neutral stimuli.
However, Watson and Rayner conditioned a fear response by pairing the neutral stimulus of a white rat with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), which was a loud noise made by striking a hammer against a metal bar.
The unconditional response (UCR) was Little Albert's fear response to the noise, and the conditioned stimulus (CS) became the white rat after the pairing, with the conditioned response (CR) being Little Albert's fear of the white rat alone.
Not long after the experiment, Little Albert displayed stimulus generalization, showing fear responses to other furry objects, illustrating how emotions can be artificially conditioned.