Final answer:
Determining painful stimuli in adults vs infants can be done through different methods. In adults, self-reporting is the most common way to assess pain. For infants, healthcare providers rely on behavioral cues and physiological markers.
Step-by-step explanation:
Determining painful stimuli in adults vs infants can be done through different methods. In adults, self-reporting is the most common way to assess pain. This involves asking the adult to rate their pain on a numerical scale or using descriptive words. On the other hand, since infants cannot communicate their pain, healthcare providers rely on behavioral cues such as crying, facial expressions, and body movements to determine if the infant is experiencing pain. They may also use physiological markers like changes in heart rate and blood pressure. One study published in PeerJ used the Wong-Baker Faces Scale and skin conductance fluctuations to assess pain in children undergoing venipuncture.