Final answer:
Growth Hormone (GH) is the hormone with the greatest effect in stimulating the growth of epiphyseal plates, leading to the lengthening of long bones and enhanced bone density. It is supported by other hormones including thyroxine, sex hormones, calcitriol, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
Step-by-step explanation:
The hormone with the greatest effect in stimulating epiphyseal growth is Growth Hormone (GH), which is secreted by the pituitary gland. GH enhances chondrocyte proliferation, increases long bone length, and improves bone density through greater mineralization and osteoblastic activity.
Additionally, hormones like thyroxine, sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone), and calcitriol play significant roles in bone growth and osseous tissue maintenance. Thyroxine promotes osteoblastic activity and the synthesis of bone matrix, while sex hormones are crucial during puberty for the growth spurt and eventual closure of the epiphyseal plates. Calcitriol aids in the absorption of calcium and phosphate for bone growth.
The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), activated by GH, further supports the development and activity of osteocytes. This multifaceted approach ensures that the skeletal system develops properly during the growth phases of an individual's life.