Final answer:
Percentages are calculated by dividing the 'part' by the 'total' and multiplying by 100. Without specific numbers provided for each category, exact percentages cannot be determined. Percent calculations can apply to a variety of subjects, including physics major postgraduate research and species at risk as per the IUCN Red List.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the percentages for each category mentioned, we need to apply the basic formula for percentage calculations. The formula is as follows: percentage is equal to the part divided by the total, then multiplied by 100. Since the actual numbers or 'parts' are not specified in the question, we cannot provide the exact percentages.
In the context of physics majors doing postgraduate research, or species listed as critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable on the 2007 IUCN Red List, percentages will indicate what fraction of the total these represent. For example, if there were 100 species listed and 10 were critically endangered, the percentage would be (10/100)*100 = 10%.
For questions about the demographics of authors, such as their gender, ethnicity, or whether they are deceased, you would again use the total number of authors as your 'total' and the number of authors in each category as your 'part' to find the respective percentages using the aforementioned formula.