Final answer:
Shear force and bending moment calculations depend on the shear modulus and the applied force.
Step-by-step explanation:
In order to calculate shear force and bending moment, we need to know the shear modulus (S) and the force (F) applied perpendicular to the length (Lo) and parallel to the cross-sectional area (A) of an object. The shear force is the force that acts parallel to the cross-section of the object, while the bending moment is the moment caused by the force that tends to bend the object.
For example, a long, thin pencil with a small cross-sectional area (A) will be easier to bend than a short, thick pencil or a similar steel rod with a larger shear modulus (S).