American military history has seen a great deal of transformation in terms of warfare methods and tactics. In the early days of the nation, American forces relied heavily on the use of muskets and mounted cavalry for both offensive and defensive operations. As technology advanced and new weapons were developed, American forces began to embrace more modern techniques and tactics, such as mechanized warfare and air power. In the 20th century and beyond, American forces have continued to develop and refine their use of technology and tactics to gain the upper hand in conflict. More recently, American forces have employed a combination of conventional land forces, airpower, and special operations, as well as increasingly sophisticated cyber and information warfare tactics, to carry out their missions.