Final answer:
Kenneth Chenault held referent power at American Express, which is based on his charismatic authority that inspired loyalty and admiration from his followers. The correct option is option (c).
Step-by-step explanation:
Based on how attracted his followers were to his vision, Kenneth Chenault, the former CEO of American Express, had referent power. This type of power is based on the charismatic authority of a leader, which comes from exceptional personal qualities that inspire loyalty and admiration. Chenault's ability to garner such support suggests that his followers saw him as a charismatic leader with a compelling vision, making referent power the source of his influence at American Express.
Referent power is distinct from other forms of power such as coercive, which relies on fear of punishment; legitimate, which stems from organizational position or role; expert, which is derived from knowledge and skills; and reward, which involves offering benefits to influence others.