Final answer:
The false statement is that there is an increased surge in behavior immediately after fixed ratio reinforcement like commission in sales; the truth is there is typically a short pause after such reinforcement. The correct answer is option 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question deals with identifying the false statement among the provided options regarding intermittent reinforcement schedules. The false statement is that there is generally an increased surge in behavior immediately after fixed ratio reinforcement like commission in sales. This statement is false because after a fixed ratio reinforcement, there is typically a short pause rather than an increased surge in behavior.
On the other hand, the variable ratio reinforcement schedule is indeed the most effective and resistant to extinction, keeping the behavior persistent without knowing when the next reinforcement will occur. With a fixed interval reinforcement schedule, such as a preset exam, students tend to increase study behavior as the scheduled reinforcement time approaches. Similarly, in a variable interval reinforcement schedule, such as randomly timed pop quizzes, behavior tends to be more consistent across time as the reinforcement is unpredictable.