While Horseman believes that manifest destiny was spurned by supremacist ideology, Greenberg believes that it was because of the conflict between the restrained and martial manhood in America.
What were the different views?
Horseman argues that Manifest Destiny was primarily fueled by beliefs in white superiority and racial exceptionalism. This view emphasizes the role of racist attitudes and the desire to dominate and displace Native American populations in expanding westward.
Greenberg posits that Manifest Destiny stemmed from a tension within American society regarding masculinity. He sees a clash between the "restrained" ideal of the agrarian gentleman and the "martial" ideal of the rugged frontiersman.