The C++ function `pthFactor` calculates factors of a number, sorts them in ascending order, and returns the pth factor using 1-based indexing. If p exceeds the number of factors, it returns 0.
Here's a C++ implementation of the described function `pthFactor`:
cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
long int pthFactor(long int n, long int p) {
std::vector<long int> factors;
// Find factors of n
for (long int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
if (n % i == 0) {
factors.push_back(i);
}
}
// Sort the factors in ascending order
std::sort(factors.begin(), factors.end());
// Check if p is a valid index
if (p <= factors.size()) {
return factors[p - 1]; // 1-based indexing
} else {
return 0; // Return 0 if p is out of bounds
}
}
int main() {
// Example usage
long int n = 20;
long int p = 3;
std::cout << "The " << p << "th factor of " << n << " is: " << pthFactor(n, p) << std::endl;
return 0;
}
This code defines a function `pthFactor` that finds the factors of a given number `n`, sorts them in ascending order, and returns the pth factor using 1-based indexing. The example in the `main` function demonstrates its usage.