Final answer:
Presidential powers include both formal, constitutionally granted authorities and informal powers such as the 'bully pulpit,' used to influence public opinion and the legislature. The president's ability to persuade and achieve policy goals heavily relies on the state of national support and existing public approval.
Step-by-step explanation:
Exercise of Presidential Powers and Influence
Presidential powers are often categorized into formal and informal powers. The formal powers include constitutionally granted authorities like veto power and the nomination of Supreme Court justices. On the other hand, informal powers come from tradition, custom, or are inherent in the nature of the executive position, which include the use of the "bully pulpit". This term, coined by President Theodore Roosevelt, highlights the ability of the president to use the prestige of their office to influence public opinion and persuade the legislature to support their policy agenda.
One of the critical aspects of exercising presidential power is the impact on the audience. The president addresses various audiences, the most significant being the American people. By appealing directly to the citizens, the president can shape public opinion and thereby indirectly push legislators to act in accordance with their policy goals. Powerful rhetorical tools and symbolic gestures, such as delivering speeches during crises or utilizing media attention, are examples of this persuasive strategy.
In times of high public approval, presidents are more likely to make decisive actions and utilize their persuasive power to achieve their policy objectives. This can significantly shape a president's performance, reputation, and ultimately, legacy. However, a president's success in utilizing these powers often depends on circumstances such as party support, the state of the nation, and existing public approval.