Final answer:
Based on the texts, there is no consistent gender difference in obedience as social norms and expectations influence behaviors that may appear gender-specific but are not inherently tied to gender.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question about the relationship between gender and obedience based on the provided information is d. there is no consistent gender difference in obedience.
Exploring the various texts given, it is evident that gender stereotypes and socialization play a significant role in how individuals are expected to behave. Instances like teachers treating boys and girls differently in school, with boys having more freedom to break rules, may suggest varying expectations of obedience. However, the research reviewed by Anne Fausto-Sterling reveals that significant cognitive and behavioral differences based on gender are either nonexistent or so minor that they are not relevant in practical terms. Importantly, what often appears as a gender difference in obedience or ability might be more accurately attributed to socialization and expectations rather than inherent gender traits. In connection with the given texts, which signal the complexities of gender behavior and the influence of societal norms, we can summarize that differences in obedience cannot be consistently linked to gender.