Final answer:
The need for arousal dictates an individual's tendency towards emotional situations. Cognitive dissonance disrupts consistency due to conflicting beliefs and behaviors. Congruence reflects alignment between one's self-perception and actions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The need for arousal is a person's tendency to approach or avoid emotional situations. This refers to a characteristic within the discipline of studying motivations, where arousal describes the state of being physiologically alert, awake, and attentive. Emotional arousal is one particular aspect of arousal, which relates to situations that have the potential to elicit emotions.
Cognitive dissonance causes discomfort because it disrupts our sense of consistency. When a person experiences cognitive dissonance, it is due to the psychological discomfort that comes from holding conflicting beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors, which clashes with their positive self-perception.
The idea that people's ideas about themselves should match their actions is called congruence, which is the state of being where thoughts about one's real and ideal selves are very similar.
An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as personality according to the Five Factor Model, which includes dimensions like conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.
Your level of confidence in your abilities is known as self-efficacy, a concept that focuses on one's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.
Sociologists associate sexuality primarily with a person's capacity for sexual feelings, which encompasses a range of aspects, including heterosexuality, homosexuality, and biological factors.
According to the Eysencks' theory, people who score high on neuroticism tend to be less calm and less stable, experiencing more frequent emotional swings and greater emotional intensity.
Temperament refers to inborn, genetically based personality differences, which are characteristic ways of behaving.