Final answer:
The term 'Physiognomy' refers to the assessment of a person's character or personality from their outer appearance, particularly the face. It is a concept that intersects with arts and humanities and has historical significance in various cultures. Hence, option (d) is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The person's facial features or expression, especially when regarded as indicative of character, ethnic origin, or social class, is referred to as d) Physiognomy.
Addressing the other points mentioned:
- An early science that correlated personality with skull measurements is known as a. phrenology.
- The observable traits expressed by an organism are described as its a. phenotype.
- The Roman aristocrat's portrait in the given context is a striking example of veristic style of Roman portraiture, intended to convey seriousness and virtue.
- The artistic style featuring impersonal depictions of characters with no control over their fate is d. naturalism.
Masks in Western theatrical forms, such as those from Ancient Greek and Italian Commedia dell'Arte, serve as visual cues to trigger social memory and identify stereotypes.