Final answer:
Experimental studies are those in which variables are manipulated to test a hypothesis and measure outcomes. An experiment requires controlled conditions and the independent variable is manipulated to determine its effect on the dependent variable. When manipulation is not possible, observational studies may be utilized instead.The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of study that tests a hypothesis by manipulating certain variables while keeping others constant, where the experimenter controls the independent variable(s) in order to measure the dependent variable(s), is known as experimental studies. In these studies, researchers introduce changes to the independent variable to observe the effects on the dependent variable, ensuring that any other potential variables (control variables) are held constant to accurately measure the effects of the independent variable alone.
An experiment is a type of scientific investigation that is performed under controlled conditions and typically involves the manipulation of variables to test hypotheses. The researcher's aim in an experimental study is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship by measuring the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable, with all conditions controlled except for the experimental manipulation.
When it is neither possible nor ethical to manipulate variables directly, observational studies can be used. In such studies, natural occurrences are measured without manipulating the variables, allowing researchers to draw correlations, but not causations, between independent and dependent variables.