Final answer:
Hazardous waste, as defined by Penn and Parker, includes materials with quantities of toxic, flammable, or explosive chemicals, matching option C in the multiple-choice question.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Penn and Parker, hazardous waste is designated as waste containing substantial quantities of toxic, flammable, or explosive chemicals, which aligns with the option C in your question. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has outlined specific regulations for the management of hazardous waste, ensuring its proper handling from recycling, treatment, storage, and disposal to protect public health and the environment.
Hazardous waste encompasses listed wastes, characteristic wastes, composite wastes, and mixed wastes, which may pose various risks depending on their composition and state.