Final answer:
The literary style that presents characters driven by their environment without free will is known as naturalism, which is a subject within English literature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question is English, specifically focusing on literature, as it discusses the portrayal of characters and the thematic elements of fiction. The literary style that presents characters driven by their environment without free will is known as naturalism, which is a subject within English literature.
The thematic style described, whereby characters are depicted as being controlled by their environment or hereditary traits and lacking the free will to change their fates, is characteristic of naturalism.
In this context, characters are often represented without depth or names to emphasize their insignificance in the larger forces of nature or society. The correct answer to the initial question, which artistic style features impersonal depictions of characters compelled to behave in ways over which they have no control, is d. naturalism.