Final answer:
Transformational Leadership comprises four dimensions: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration. It's more effective than transactional leadership and has attributes that are culturally universal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four key dimensions of Transformational Leadership include Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration. These characteristics define a leadership approach that is distinct from the reward and punishment focus of transactional leadership. Transformational leadership promotes inspiration, role-modeling, encouragement of critical thinking, and personal attention to followers' needs and development. It's a style that has been found to be generally more effective than transactional approaches, with leaders often displaying traits from both paradigms.
Research indicates that attributes of charismatic transformational leadership are widely endorsed across cultures. This suggests that such leaders are able to adapt their style to fit within different cultural expectations while still maintaining their effectiveness. An example of historical charismatic leadership is found in studies of key figures such as Stalin, whose leadership was shaped by and reflective of the societal context from which he emerged.