Final answer:
Haqiqat Rai, a 15-year-old Hindu boy, was beheaded in 1734 for his blasphemous remarks towards Fatima, the daughter of Prophet Mohammed. His death is contextualized by the significant events post-Muhammad's death, including the rule of the "rightly-guided" Caliphs and the consequential division of the Sunni and Shia sects.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 15-year-old boy beheaded in 1734 for using disrespectful language towards Fatima, the daughter of Prophet Mohammed, was Haqiqat Rai. Haqiqat Rai was a young Hindu scholar who, according to historical accounts, allegedly made a blasphemous remark about Fatima Zahra. This action led to his arrest and subsequent execution by beheading when he refused to convert to Islam.
Understanding this part of history requires insights into the period after Muhammad's death. The Muslim community was led by the four "rightly-guided" Caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali. The final caliph, Ali, was married to Fatima, who is at the center of the incident with Haqiqat Rai. After Ali's assassination, a division within the Muslim community led to the formation of the Sunni and Shia sects. This historical backdrop provides context to the importance attached to Fatima and why disrespect towards her was severely punished in that era.