Final answer:
Jaffa likely surrendered during the early 7th century, around 630-631, during the Arab conquests that followed the death of the Prophet Muhammad. This event is not dated precisely in historical records but took place within the broader context of the changing dynamics in the region.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question of when Jaffa surrendered in history is a bit ambiguous, as the city has a long history and has been involved in various historical conflicts.
However, given the context provided, it's likely that the student is asking about a specific surrender that took place during the rapid expansion of the Arabs in the early 7th century, under the caliphate that succeeded the Prophet Muhammad.
Based on historical accounts, including those of Byzantine chronicler Theophanes, Arab forces secured concessions from Byzantines through various battles and exerted influence that changed regional dynamics around the year 630-631.
Despite traditionally receiving allowances from the Byzantines for guarding desert pathways, these Arab tribes, including the Ghassanids who enjoyed special privileges, began asserting more independence following conflicts that undermined Byzantine influence.
There isn't a specific date mentioned in the available historical texts for the surrender of Jaffa within this period, but it is implied to have occurred in the wake of the Arabian expansion under Caliph Umar. This period saw many cities surrender despite previously enjoying certain benefits under Byzantine rule, suggesting a shift in power dynamics.