Final answer:
The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for secretion activities in cells, including the formation of a new cell wall in plants. It modifies, packages, and transports the products of the rough ER, with an abundance visible in cells with high secretory functions. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structure that would be assigned the function of secretion activities, such as leading to the formation of a new cell wall in plants, is the Golgi Apparatus. The Golgi Apparatus is responsible for manipulating products from the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), including the modification, packaging, and tagging of these molecules.
Some of these products are then transported to other parts of the cell or exported outside of the cell. Importantly, the Golgi apparatus is involved in the production of cell wall components that are secreted by the plant cells.
In another context, cells that have a high level of secretory activity, such as those secreting digestive enzymes or antibodies, typically contain an abundance of the Golgi apparatus. This correlates with the organelle's role in processing and packaging secretory proteins.
Moreover, it highlights the principle of form following function within cellular biology, emphasizing how the abundance and structure of organelles are tailored to a cell's specific roles.