Final answer:
John Gottman defines stonewalling as the withdrawal and emotional shutdown in a conversation or conflict. It's harmful because it prevents resolution and open communication. Effective conflict management consists of active listening, empathy, and focusing on problem-solving instead of blaming.
Step-by-step explanation:
John Gottman, a well-known psychological researcher, defines stonewalling as c) Withdrawal and emotional shutdown during conflict. It is characterized by one person tuning out, disengaging, or shutting down in response to a complaint or a stressful conversation. This behavior serves as a way to avoid conflict and can be harmful to relationships because it prevents open communication and resolution of issues.
To contrast, effective conflict management involves strategies such as choosing words carefully to avoid exacerbating the situation, staying calm, and employing active listening. It is recommended to remain open and respectful, ask open-ended questions, and focus on solving the problem rather than assigning blame. Practicing empathy by rephrasing and affirming what the other person is saying helps to maintain a constructive dialogue.
When someone is stonewalling, they are not seeking compromise, remaining calmly composed, or practicing active listening and empathy, which are essential elements for positive conflict resolution and maintaining a healthy working relationship.
John Gottman defines stonewalling as c) withdrawal and emotional shutdown. It involves shutting down emotionally and refusing to engage in communication during a conflict. Stonewalling can be characterized by giving the silent treatment, avoiding eye contact, or physically leaving the situation. This lack of engagement can escalate the conflict and prevent resolution.