Final answer:
The statement is false. Variables are associated if there is a statistical relationship where changes in one are related to changes in another. Lack of alteration under certain conditions alone does not prove association.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'If the conditions don't alter the results, the variables are associated' is false. In an experiment or observational study, variables are associated if there is a statistical relationship between them, meaning that changes in one variable are related to changes in another.
Conditions not altering the results does not automatically imply an association; it could just mean that the particular conditions tested do not affect the outcome or that both variables are being influenced by another factor not considered in the study.
If the conditions being referred to are the lack of change in other variables when one is manipulated, it could indicate that the variables in question are independent rather than associated. This is because in an association, changing one variable would typically lead to changes in the other, which is not the case when the variables are independent of each other.
The correct answer to your question is b. False.