Question

Linda Wallace is a 35-year-old, married, mother of two children, who is diagnosed with breast cancer and who is scheduled to receive combination chemotherapy consisting of IV fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). This therapy is designated by the acronym FAC (fluorouracil, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide).

1. What chemotherapy-related adverse effects and should the nurse anticipate during therapy?

2. Along with laboratory data, what clinical signs and symptoms would Mrs. Wallace exhibit that would lead you to suspect the patient was experiencing these side effects?

3. Why is hydration important during this drug regimen?

4. Describe the teaching that you would provide to Mrs. Wallace and her family.

Answer 1

Linda Wallace might face various adverse effects from FAC chemotherapy, such as hair loss, myelosuppression, and nausea. Symptoms like fatigue, easy bruising, and frequent infections signal these side effects. Proper hydration and patient education on managing these side effects are essential aspects of care.

Step-by-step explanation:

Chemotherapy-Related Adverse Effects:

Linda Wallace, undergoing FAC chemotherapy (fluorouracil, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide), may experience several chemotherapy-related adverse effects. These effects commonly impact rapidly dividing cells, including those in the skin, hair, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, alopecia (hair loss), and myelosuppression (reduced blood cell production).

Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Side Effects :

Laboratory data that may indicate side effects include low blood cell counts. Clinically, Mrs. Wallace might experience persistent fatigue, easy bruising, frequent infections (indicative of neutropenia), and unusual bleeding (indicative of thrombocytopenia).

Importance of Hydration:

Hydration is crucial during this drug regimen to help eliminate the breakdown products of chemotherapy drugs, which can be toxic to the kidneys and other organs. Adequate fluid intake minimizes the risk of renal damage and helps manage side effects such as nausea and constipation.

Teaching for Mrs. Wallace and Family:

Teach Mrs. Wallace and her family about the importance of monitoring side effects, managing diet to help with gastrointestinal symptoms, using mild shampoos or potentially wearing wigs for hair loss, and maintaining good oral hygiene to prevent infections. It is also important to educate them on signs of infection, when to seek medical assistance, and ensuring proper hydration.