Final answer:
In Canada, all provinces and territories, including (A) Manitoba, (B) Saskatchewan, (C) Nova Scotia, and (D) Prince Edward Island, fund their health care systems through a publicly funded and single-payer system known as Medicare, which is primarily supported by federal government transfers and provincial taxes, not a tax on both employer and employee.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerns which Canadian province or territory funds its health care through a tax on both the employer and employee. It’s important to note that in Canada, health care funding is primarily provided by the provincial and territorial governments through a publicly funded health care system known as Medicare. The Canadian health care system is often referred to as an example of socialized medicine because it's a single-payer system primarily funded through taxes collected by the government. While provinces and territories have the autonomy to organize their own health care insurance plans, they do not generally fund health care via a tax on both the employer and employee as in some other countries. Instead, they receive a large part of their funding from the federal government through the Canada Health Transfer.
Therefore, none of the options provided (Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia, or Prince Edward Island) funds its health care through a tax levied on both employer and employee. All Canadian provinces and territories operate within the nationally established principles of the Canada Health Act, which outlines the criteria and conditions related to insured health care services and extended health care services that provinces and territories must fulfill to receive the full federal cash contribution under the transfer.
As for additional context, Germany was the first country to provide health insurance for workers and programs like the UK's National Health Service or Canada's Medicare represent government-run or single-payer healthcare systems where employer payment options as they are known in some countries do not apply.