Final answer:
Self-concept is typically measured using self-report inventories like the Q-Sort option (a) and MMPI. These methods require individuals to self-report accurately, as biases can affect the validity of the results. The measure of self-concept is not fixed and can vary over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
Self-concept can be measured using various psychological tools, including the self-report inventory such as the Q-Sort (Stephenson, 1953) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). These inventories are considered objective tests as they typically employ multiple-choice items or Likert scales, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree.
The level of objectivity a person can maintain while completing a self-assessment is crucial to the test's validity. If individuals are not honest or try to present themselves in a certain light (e.g., for a job interview), it can lead to biased and misleading results.
Self-report inventories provide a measure of self-concept that is not fixed and can reflect changes over time. Cultural influences, social desirability, and personal biases challenge the validity of these instruments.
Personality assessments are useful tools in varied contexts, such as when employers screen applicants or clinicians need an in-depth understanding of a client's psyche. However, the efficacy of these instruments depends on the honest participation of the individuals being assessed.